Old Man and the Sea is a novella by Ernest Hemingway, published in 1952. The protagonist of the story is Santiago, an elderly Cuban fisherman who has not caught a fish in eighty-four days. The story follows Santiago’s journey as he sets out to sea in search of a great fish, facing physical and mental challenges along the way.

Santiago is portrayed as a tough, resilient, and deeply philosophical character. Despite his age and lack of success in recent times, he maintains a strong sense of dignity and pride. His relationship with the sea and its creatures is one of mutual respect and understanding, reflecting his own values and experiences.

The story also features Manolin, Santiago’s young apprentice who has been abandoned by his parents. Manolin serves as a foil to Santiago, representing youth and hope. He remains loyal to Santiago despite the latter’s recent bad luck at sea.

Another significant character is the fish that Santiago catches, which Hemingway refers to as "the marlin." This fish symbolizes both the struggle against nature and the ultimate triumph of human spirit. The battle between Santiago and the marlin is central to the narrative, showcasing Santiago’s strength and determination.

Throughout the novella, Hemingway explores themes such as perseverance, isolation, and the human condition. The setting of the story—Santiago’s boat on the vast ocean—enhances these themes by emphasizing both the vastness of nature and the solitude of humanity.

In conclusion, Old Man and the Sea is a profound exploration of human resilience through its portrayal of Santiago’s journey. The characters’ interactions highlight themes of perseverance in the face of adversity and the enduring spirit that defines humanity.